1 Ʈũ ͳ ɱ? Ʈũ Ŭ̾ƮƮũ -߾߽ Ʈũ-߽ Ʈũ-л Ʈũϵ ּ-MAC ּ- MAC ּⰡ Ʈũ Ǵ -Ϳ ȣ -ϱ2 ͳݿ ϱ?Ŷ̶?Ŷ ɱ?Ŷ 3 ͳݿ ұ?ݰ ǥ ٷ ⱸͳ (IP)- 缳 IP ּ-Ʈũ ּ ȯ(NAT)-IPv4 ּ-IPv6 ּ- IP ּ Ҵ-IP ͳ (IPSec)4 ͳ ϱ?ͳ (BGP)- -߰-ͳ ͽü Ʈ(IXP) - ͱ (UDP)- (TCP)- UDP ͳ (QUIC)5 ͳݿ 踦 ? ̸ ü(DNS)- ̸ IP ּҷ ȯɱ?-DNS Ȯ(DNSSEC)-HTTPS DNS(DOH)ؽƮ Ծ(HTTP)-HTTP -HTTP ڵ HTTP: HTTPS (TLS)- ̸ ǥ(SNI)ȣ(Cryptography)-ȣ ȣȭĪ ȣĪ ȣ- ȣȭ ȣȭ Ѱ- ȣȭ ĩ(Double Ratchet) ˰OpenPGP/GPG- ȣȭ- мȣȭ -߰6 ͳݿ 帧 ϴ ϱ?˿-IP - -URL -DNS -Ŷ - Ŷ м(DPI)-Ʈũ -ȭ ˻ 7 ͳݿ ϴ ϱ?˿ -ݺϽ(NetBlocks)-Ʈũ(OONI. Open Observatory of Network Interference)- Ͱ ̵ϴ ˿ ȸ-DNS - 缳(VPN)-Tor Ȱ ˿ ȸTor Ʈũ ۵ Tor ŶTor Ͼ Tor ѰTor Ʈũ ϱ8 ǻʹ ǻ ұ?̹ƽ˰-Ʈ ˰-˰ Ȱ ǻ 輺-ڵȭ -˰ 9 ͳ ɱ?ͳ -ȸ - - - - ȣӽý(OSI) 10 ͳ ϰ ?ͳ Źͽ- ͳǥȭⱸ(IETF)ͳ ½ũ(IRTF)ͳݾŰóȸ(IAB)ͳݼһ̾Ƽ(ISOC)ͳּҰⱸ(ICANN)̱ȸ(IEEE)- ſ(ITU)- ͳݰŹͽ(IGF)-ȸ 11 ͳݿ Ƿ йɱ? Ʈũ(CDN)-Ŭ÷-ī-Ż CDN-Big 5Ƿ Ƿ ġ -IETF ߰ -ICANN: -ITU εǴ 5G12 ͳ Źͽ ? ذ ͳ Źͽ ִ ⱸ- ǥ IETFIEEEITUå ͳݰŹͽ ̸ ּ ICANNʺ Ȯϰ! IT ó ãƺ